Where is suzanne mubarak now
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Foreign Aid to Egypt. Retrieved on BBC News. Retrieved 9 May Associated Press. Retrieved 24 March Retrieved Prime ministers of Egypt List. Roshdy Said Wahba Naseem Yakan. Sarwat Naseem Y. Naguib 3 Nasser 3 Naguib 3 Nasser 3, 4 A. Sabry 4 Z. Mohieddin 4 Soliman 4 Nasser 4 Fawzi 4 A. Mohieddin Aly Lotfy A.
Hidden categories: Webarchive template wayback links Articles containing Arabic-language text. Toggle the table of contents. Hosni Mubarak. Retrieved 26 February Xinhua News. Archived from the original on 14 February Archived from the original on 25 February Archived from the original on 29 April The Washington Times. Archived from the original on 28 February Retrieved 3 February The Daily Telegraph.
Archived from the original on 11 January Retrieved 7 February Archived from the original on 24 April Almasry Alyoum in Arabic. Archived from the original on 25 April Retrieved 29 January El Tohamy 14 October The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 23 January The Wall Street Journal. Washington DC: Department of State. Islamic imperialism: A History.
New Haven: Yale University Press. OCLC Islamic Imperialism: A History. Archived from the original on 17 June Retrieved 5 June Retrieved 19 June Egypt in the Era of Hosni Mubarak.
Hosni mubarak short biography
American University in Cairo Press. ISSN The Economist. Retrieved 30 November New York: Vintage Books. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 1 February Al-Arabiya News. S withdrawal would hurt Iraq" ". USA Today.
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Socialist Worker Britain. Archived from the original on 24 September Retrieved 15 May Archived from the original on 26 March Retrieved 5 February Archived from the original on 3 August Retrieved 3 August Retrieved 29 April Retrieved 29 May The Egyptian Gazette. Archived from the original on 20 July Retrieved 31 July Lawyers were forced to take their seats and submit their requests in writing, and Rifaat adjourned the case until 5 September, after issuing a terse series of 10 decisions on how the trial would proceed.
Retrieved 2 June Ahram online. Archived from the original on 5 June Archived from the original on 20 January Retrieved 11 May The Times of Israel. Retrieved 9 January Retrieved 29 November Retrieved 13 January Retrieved 10 May National Post. Al Arabiya. Hosni Mubarak came from the same Nile delta province, Minufiya, as his predecessor and patron, Anwar Sadat.
Mubarak's village of Kafr-El Moseilha had a reputation for stressing education and had produced four cabinet ministers. His father was a minor official in the Ministry of Justice. After primary schooling in his village and secondary studies in the near-by provincial capital of Shibin El-Kom, Mubarak attended Egypt's Military Academy and its Air Academy, graduating from the latter in He completed the military training in only two years, opting to continue studying instead of taking his summer leave.
He became a pilot and spent part of his training in the then Soviet Union. Mubarak spent the next 25 years in the Air Force. He taught at the Air Academy and commanded Egypt's bomber force in the Yemen civil war in the s. He visited the Soviet Union on several occasions and spent a year at the Soviet's Frunze military academy.
He spoke Russian and English in addition to Arabic. President Gamal Abdel Nasser named Mubarak director of the Air Academy in , giving him the crucial task of rebuilding the air force, which the Israelis had destroyed on the ground in the Six Day War of June Mubarak moved up to Air Force chief-of-staff in , and in he became its commander-in-chief.
He helped plan the successful surprise attack on the Israeli forces occupying the east bank of the Suez Canal on October 6, , launching the Yom Kippur War. President Sadat rewarded Mubarak's patient competence in by naming him vice president. Sadat disliked routine administration and enjoyed the international limelight, so Mubarak quietly took over the day-to-day running of the government.
Mubarak presided over cabinet meetings, controlled the security apparatus, and became vice president of the ruling National Democratic party. Diplomatic assignments abroad gave him experience with foreign affairs. His expertise was integral to the negotiations for the Camp David Accords which Egypt and Israel signed, ending decades of conflict.
Mubarak escaped with a minor hand wound when Islamic fundamentalists gunned down Sadat at a military review on October 6, Moving quickly to restore order and consolidate his position, Mubarak crushed an Islamic uprising in Asyut and jailed over 2, members of militant Islamic groups.
He executed a handful, had others sentenced to prison terms, and gradually released the rest. He also released the more secular political figures whom Sadat had indiscriminately jailed in the September crackdown that helped provoke his assassination. Mubarak only slightly modulated the main lines of Sadat's foreign and domestic policies. Egypt regained the Sinai peninsula when the Israelis withdrew in Egypt remained cool to Israel, however, because of a minor border dispute, the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in , and Israeli policies toward the Palestinians in the West Bank.
In , however, he agreed to return the Egyptian ambassador to Tel Aviv. Throughout the s Mubarak combated Egypt's most pressing problems, unemployment and a struggling economy.
Example short biography: Hosni Mubarak (born May 4, , Al-Minūfiyyah governorate, Egypt—died February 25, , Cairo) was an Egyptian military officer and politician who served as president of Egypt from October until February , when popular unrest forced him to step down.
He increased the production of affordable housing, clothing, furniture, and medicine. He also kept a tight rein on his officials, firing ministers at the first hint of scandal and fining parliamentary legislators for unnecessary absences. Egypt's heavy dependence on U. He carefully offered the Americans only military "facilities" and not bases, however, and quietly improved relations with the Soviet Union, whose ambassador returned to Cairo in All the Arab states but three had broken relations with Egypt to protest the treaty with Israel.
It was Mubarak who prodded Arafat to recognize Israel's right to exist and moderate his extremist stance. Internally, the military, the swollen government bureaucracy, the consumer-oriented upper middle class, and the rural power structure were still the mainstays of Mubarak's regime. The scattered opposition included Muslim idealists who longed for a theocracy, Nasserists and leftist who looked back to the populist redistributive policies of the early s, and the New Wafd rightists who wanted further economic and political liberalization.
Egypt's Christians, the Copts, remained nervous about the political resurgence of Islam. Mubarak's National Democratic party won a comfortable majority in the May elections. He told U. News and World Report that in Egypt "no religious political parties are allowed, and I am not going to change the laws … I don't want headaches. I would like to build a country and not cause reasonable people to fight one another.
Sadat's "open-door" economic policies—which encouraged foreign and local private investment—continued, although Mubarak tried to shift the emphasis from imported luxuries to productive enterprises. Mubarak did not dare to discontinue the costly government subsidies which reduced the prices of basic foods to consumers.
Mubarak dismissed several cabinet ministers from the Sadat days for corruption, prosecuted Sadat's brother who had amassed a fortune overnight , and sternly warned his own relatives to avoid such temptations. He razed the luxury weekend retreats on the pyramids' plateau at Giza. Like Nasser, but unlike Sadat, Mubarak followed local mores in separating his public from his private life.
His wife Suzanne, who had a master's degree in sociology, did not try to play the highly visible "first lady" role which had attracted Westerners to Jihan Sadat but had offended many Egyptians. In Mubarak won election to a second six-year term. Mubarak was shocked and angered over the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.
He thought the Gulf War could have been avoided, but placed that responsibility on Saddam Hussein. He felt that the Saudi Arabians were justified in inviting assistance from the West to protect their sovereignty. He sent 45, troops to the allied coalition, with the unanimous approval of the Egyptian people.
After the war Mubarak's prompt actions and support boosted Egypt to the forefront in leading the Arab world. In Mubarak was elected for a sixth term with Many felt that the vote reflected the Egyptian's approval and confidence in Mubarak's stand against Islamic fundamentalists.
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Plots to assassinate Mubarak had surfaced in and but had failed. In however after two policemen and assailants were killed in another attack against the president, Mubarak continued his hard-line stance against the extremists. Not only were they plotting to overthrow the government, but their actions had damaged Egypt's already unsteady economy.
His crackdown brought his government accusations of torture, summary execution intimidation of the press, and other human-rights violations.
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In , Mubarak embarked on the New Valley Canal project which many called his "great pyramid" or lasting legacy to Egypt. In effect Mubarak planned to "make the desert bloom" by creating a new canal through one of the hottest and driest places on earth, turning arid desert into arable farm land. No book-length biography of Mubarak in either Arabic or English has yet appeared.
He refused to discuss his private life, so articles on him and interviews with him necessarily concentrate on his public policies. See, for example, J. Also, U. Hosni Mubarak became president of Egypt after the assassination political murder of Anwar Sadat — He continued his country's peace with Israel, made efforts to bring peace to the entire Middle East , and cracked down on Islamic groups that participated in terrorist activities.
Hosni Mubarak was born on May 4, in the Nile delta province of Minufiya.