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His account is the earliest description of the American Southwest. His strange name, literally "head of a cow," was won by a maternal ancestor, Martin Alhaja, who showed King Sancho of Navarre a pass marked with a cow's skull. Use of this pass enabled Sancho to win the famous battle of Las Navas de Tolosa against the Moors in Raised by his paternal grandfather, Pedro de Vera, one of the conquerors and governor of the Canary Islands , Cabeza de Vaca joined the Spanish army in and served in Italy, Spain, and Navarre.
Upon their return to the coast in August, they discovered the ships had left for Cuba. Desperately short of supplies and harassed by hostile Amerinds, the Spaniards built small boats and set sail along the Gulf coast, hoping to reach Mexico.
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The voyage was a nightmare. There was little food or water, and the small flotilla was beset by storms. In November , the tiny fleet was wrecked on Galveston Island. Many of the men were lost at sea, and most of the others died during the winter from cold and exposure. Captured and enslaved by the Karankawa tribe, Cabeza de Vaca managed to survive.
For 2 years the Spaniards lived by their wits, trading with wandering tribes and gaining a reputation as healers and medicine men.
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During his 4 years in South America he made a 1,mile march into the interior, opening previously unexplored territory. Denounced by his subordinates, Cabeza de Vaca returned to Spain in as a prisoner, but later most of the charges against him were rescinded. He spent his remaining years writing and publishing the story of his remarkable exploits in the New World, Los naufragios The Shipwrecked.
Hodge, ed. Spanish explorer in the region of what is now Texas, whose claims regarding legendary cities of gold influenced later exploration efforts by Hernando de Soto c. When found by fellow Spaniards in northern Mexico in , he was full of wild tales concerning the Seven Cities of Cibola, about which he had heard but which he did not claim to have visited.
People History U. History: Biographies alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca. Learn more about citation styles Citation styles Encyclopedia. In , he was shipwrecked off the Texas coast.
He and three fellow survivors became the first Europeans to explore the American Southwest, eventually settling in Mexico Eventually, near the Gulf of California they met a group of Spanish slave raiders and were able to find their way to colonial Mexico from where Cabeza de Vaca eventually returned to Spain. It has fascinated historians and academics, who have studied it in thousands of books and articles.
It is easy to see why. The story itself is exciting and told in a vivid autobiographical style with creative embellishments, thoroughly describing and exaggerating the misery of their initial misfortunes before turning to their spectacularly miraculous progress through unknown lands.
The precise route has interested traditional historians and stirred up local chauvinism, especially in Florida, Texas, and Colorado, because it was the first crossing by Europeans of the what is today the United States. Even so, Cabeza de Vaca has often been lauded for his objection to the enslavement of native Americans. Later it was reworked when he was interrogated in Spain, then a final draft was produced for printing.
The tribes to which Cabeza de Vaca was enslaved included the Hans and the Capoques, and tribes later called the Karankawa and Coahuiltecan. Traveling mostly with this small group, Cabeza de Vaca explored what is now the U. He continued through Coahuila and Nueva Vizcaya, then down the Gulf of California coast to what is now Sinaloa, Mexico, over a period of roughly eight years.
Throughout those years, Cabeza de Vaca and the other men adapted to the lives of the indigenous people they stayed with, whom he later described as Roots People, the Fish, and Blackberry People, or the Fig People, depending on their principal foods. During his wanderings, passing from tribe to tribe, Cabeza de Vaca later reported that he developed sympathies for the indigenous peoples.
He became a trader and a healer, which gave him some freedom to travel among the tribes.
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As a healer, Cabeza de Vaca used blowing to heal but claimed that God and the Christian cross led to his success. His healing of the sick gained him a reputation as a faith healer. His group attracted numerous native followers, who regarded them as "children of the sun," endowed with the power to heal and destroy. He finally decided to try to reach the Spanish colony in Mexico.
Many natives were said to accompany the explorers on their journey across what is now known as the American Southwest and northern Mexico.
Sample of brief biography: Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca was a Spanish explorer who spent eight years in the Gulf region of present-day Texas. Núñez was treasurer to the Spanish expedition under Pánfilo de Narváez that reached what is now Tampa Bay, Florida, in By September all but his party of 60 had perished; it reached.
From there, he sailed back to Europe in Numerous researchers have tried to trace his route across the Southwest. As he did not begin writing his chronicle until back in Spain, he had to rely on memory. Cabeza de Vaca deplored the Spanish explorers' treatment of Indians, and when he returned home in he advocated for changes in Spain's policy.
After a brief term as governor of a province in Mexico, he became a judge in Seville, Spain, a position he occupied for the remainder of his life.
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